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Public, 4-year

Missouri Southern State University

Joplin, Missouri · www.mssu.edu

中文

Acceptance rate

97.0%

2025

Peer median 85.8%

Out-of-state tuition

$18,300

In-state $9,600

Peer median $18,658

Undergraduates

3,881

Student-faculty ratio 15:1

Peer median 16 : 1

Graduation rate

20.8%

4-year; 6-year rate 33.6%

Peer median 29.5%

“Peers” are all 238 public master's colleges and universities in the U.S. (by Carnegie Classification).

About

Missouri Southern State University (MSSU), located in Joplin, Missouri, is a vibrant institution known for its commitment to providing a quality education and fostering a supportive community. Established in 1937, the university has grown significantly over the decades and now offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs across various disciplines, including business, health sciences, education, and the arts. MSSU is particularly renowned for its strong emphasis on experiential learning, with opportunities for internships, service learning, and international study programs that prepare students for real-world challenges. The university's motto, "Learn, Lead, Succeed," encapsulates its dedication to student development, emphasizing not just academic achievement but also leadership and personal growth.

The campus environment at MSSU is characterized by a rich cultural and social life, with numerous student organizations, clubs, and athletic events that foster a sense of community among students. The university is home to a variety of facilities, including modern classrooms, laboratories, and recreational spaces that enhance the student experience. MSSU also boasts a strong athletic program, with its teams competing in NCAA Division II, providing students with opportunities to engage in sports while promoting teamwork and school spirit. Additionally, the university's strategic location in Joplin offers students access to a charming city known for its historical significance and vibrant arts scene, further enriching their educational experience. Overall, Missouri Southern State University stands out as a dynamic institution dedicated to empowering students through quality education and a supportive community atmosphere.

Analysis of Key Metrics at Missouri Southern State University

Over the past decade, Missouri Southern State University has experienced significant changes in several key areas that reflect broader trends in higher education. Tuition costs have escalated notably; for instance, the in-state undergraduate tuition increased from approximately $5,722 in 2014 to $8,400 in 2024, a jump of nearly 47%. This rise is indicative of a nationwide trend where public universities are facing funding challenges, prompting them to rely more heavily on tuition revenue. The external pressures of inflation and increased operational costs further exacerbate this issue.

In terms of student enrollment, the total number of undergraduate students has declined from 5,587 in 2014 to 4,052 in 2023. This 27% drop raises concerns about the university's attractiveness and its ability to retain students amidst a competitive educational landscape. Coupled with fluctuating retention rates, which peaked at around 67% in 2021 before dropping to 62% in 2023, these figures suggest that the university may need to implement more robust strategies to engage and support its student body.

Graduation rates have remained relatively stable, with the on-time graduation rate hovering around 15% in recent years. While this is an improvement from figures as low as 11.2% in 2019, it highlights ongoing challenges in student success and completion. The stability in graduation rates amidst declining enrollments signals a need for enhanced academic support and resources to help students navigate their educational journeys effectively.

Lastly, the gender ratio among undergraduate students shows a consistent trend toward a higher percentage of female students, reaching approximately 62% in 2023. This shift reflects broader societal changes and may influence university policies and programs aimed at supporting diverse student populations.

In summary, while Missouri Southern State University has made strides in some areas, the rising tuition fees, declining enrollment numbers, and retention challenges indicate the necessity for strategic interventions to ensure long-term sustainability and student success.

This collegeRanked colleges nearby

Setting
Small city
Nearest major city
Fayetteville, about 70 mi
Nearest international airport
Tulsa International Airport (TUL), about 100 mi
Joplin, Missouri
Also known as
Missouri Southern
Academic calendar
Semester
Religious affiliation
Not applicable
President
Dr. Dean Van Galen (President)
Phone
8668186778
City
Joplin, Missouri
Address
3950 E. Newman Road, Joplin, MO 64801-1595

Rankings & Admission

Acceptance rate (%)

Peer median 85.8% · all 238 public master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Acceptance rate by gender, 2025

Men
97.5%
Women
96.7%

In 2020: men 94.6%, women 93.8%.

Data insights

Analysis of Admission Trends at Missouri Southern State University

The admission data from Missouri Southern State University reveals intriguing trends over the years. Notably, the acceptance rates for both male and female applicants have shown fluctuations, with male acceptance rates ranging from about 92% to nearly 99%, and female rates varying between approximately 93% and 99%. This indicates a generally high acceptance rate for both genders, reflecting the university's accessible admissions policy.
Enrollment numbers have also varied, peaking at 1,057 in 2017 before experiencing a decline in the following years. The decrease in enrollment could be attributed to various factors, including demographic shifts, economic conditions, or changes in the university's appeal. Notably, the number of students being denied admission has fluctuated, with a high of 147 denials in 2018, paralleling the peak enrollment year, suggesting a competitive environment.
Interestingly, the number of students deferring admission has consistently increased, reaching 1,322 in 2023. This trend might reflect a growing desire among students to take a gap year or reassess their academic plans, possibly influenced by the global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted many to reconsider their immediate educational paths.
Overall, Missouri Southern State University demonstrates a commitment to inclusivity through its high acceptance rates, while also facing challenges related to enrollment stability and student preferences. As higher education continues to evolve, the university may need to adapt its strategies to maintain its enrollment figures and address the changing needs of prospective students.

School and Program Rankings

U.S. News school and program rankings · Click a school to see its programs, and a program for its full ranking

Undergraduate Rankings · 2027 edition

Business School#439

Ranks in blue are top 10 · ▲▼ change from the previous edition · “—” means no overall ranking for that school · Medical schools are ranked in tiers since the 2025 edition

Test Scores

2025 admitted students, 25th–75th percentile · 4% submitted SAT, 71% submitted ACT · SAT/ACT optional: considered if submitted

SAT total1150–1420Peer median 1080
ACT composite17–24
SAT Reading
540–690
600700800
SAT Math
610–730
600700800
ACT composite
17–24
253036

Data insights

Analysis of Admission Test Data at Missouri Southern State University

The admission test data for Missouri Southern State University reveals significant trends in the submission of standardized test scores over the years. Notably, while the number of students submitting ACT scores has fluctuated, it has generally maintained a high percentage of submission among admitted students, peaking at 95% in 2017 and 2018. This indicates that a majority of applicants recognize the importance of the ACT in the admissions process.

Conversely, the SAT's presence in the admissions landscape appears to be diminishing, with a stark drop in the percentage of submissions: just 5% in 2023 compared to 87% in 2007. This shift may reflect a broader trend in higher education where institutions are increasingly adopting test-optional policies, leading to a decline in standardized test submissions.

The reported scores for the ACT have shown a consistent range, with the 25th percentile scores indicating a stable baseline for admission qualifications. The 25th percentile for the ACT composite score has remained relatively steady, suggesting that while competition may be increasing, the core academic standards have not drastically changed.

Moreover, the introduction of SAT scores from 2020 onwards highlights a shift towards a more balanced consideration of standardized tests. The 25th and 75th percentile scores for the SAT indicate an attempt to diversify the evaluation criteria for admissions, aligning with the trend of universities striving to create a more holistic admissions process.

Overall, the data reflects evolving attitudes towards standardized testing in college admissions, suggesting that Missouri Southern State University is adapting to these changes while maintaining a commitment to academic quality. As the landscape of higher education continues to change, it will be interesting to see how these trends develop in future admissions cycles.

How Hard Is It to Get In

about 10 in 10

3,194 applicants in 2025, 97.0% admitted

3,099 admitted 95 not admitted Yield 20.5%

Degrees & Majors

Graduates in 2025 (first major)

Associate1041 international (1.0%)
Bachelor's67924 international (3.5%)
Master's541 international (1.9%)
Top 10 Bachelor's majors by graduates
Business/Commerce, General
144
Elementary Education and Teaching
63
Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies
62
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General
57
Psychology, General
35
Biology/Biological Sciences, General
34
Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration
33
Secondary Education and Teaching
27
Sports, Kinesiology, and Physical Education/Fitness, Other
24
Biomedical Sciences, General
24

U.S. studentsInternational

Popular graduate programs

  • Business Administration and Management, General · Master's17 (0% international)
  • Curriculum and Instruction · Master's15 (0% international)
  • Educational Leadership and Administration, General · Master's11 (0% international)
  • Teacher Education, Multiple Levels · Master's9 (0% international)
  • Social Sciences, General · Master's2 (50% international)

Data insights

Analysis of Graduation Statistics at Missouri Southern State University

The graduation data from Missouri Southern State University for 2023 reveals interesting trends across various fields of study. Notably, the Business Administration and Management program stands out, producing the highest number of bachelor degree graduates at 189, with an impressive 4.76% of these being international students. This emphasizes the program's appeal and the university's role in fostering a diverse educational environment.

In contrast, the Health Services and related fields, such as Nursing and Respiratory Care, show a moderate number of graduates, with the Registered Nursing program graduating 15 students and the Health Care Administration producing 19. These figures highlight the ongoing demand for healthcare professionals, a trend that has been accelerated by the global pandemic, which emphasized the importance of health services in society.

Furthermore, the Education programs collectively produced several graduates, particularly in Elementary Education with 47 and Secondary Education with 26 graduates. This represents a significant investment in future educators, which is crucial for the development of the education system, especially in light of current challenges faced in schools across the United States.

Interestingly, the Performing Arts categories, though less populated, show a commitment to creative fields with 5 graduates in Music Performance and similar numbers in other arts disciplines. This reflects a balanced approach towards nurturing both academic and artistic talents, catering to a wide range of student interests.

Overall, the data suggests that Missouri Southern State University is effectively responding to market demands while nurturing a diverse educational community, thus contributing to the workforce in critical areas like business, healthcare, and education.

All majors, graduates and earnings IPEDS · College Scorecard

*Depends on whether majors have graduates in 2025 or not, Yes / No
**Move mouse on can check deitaled graudates number, click for major detailed information
***Due to privacy policy, graduate salaries are not shown for some majors that has few gradautes

Health professionshas 164 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General.-
Dental Hygiene/Hygienist.$55,626
Health/Health Care Administration/Management.$44,468
Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist.$62,839
Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist.$62,839
Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist.-
Environmental Health.$52,382
Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse.$74,541
Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other.$58,740
Businesshas 161 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Business/Commerce, General.$48,665
Business Administration and Management, General.$63,568
Educationhas 137 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Curriculum and Instruction.$44,462
Educational Leadership and Administration, General.-
Elementary Education and Teaching.$37,357
Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching.$37,357
Secondary Education and Teaching.$37,357
Teacher Education, Multiple Levels.$37,357
Liberal arts has 62 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies.$40,068
Homeland security has 62 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration.$42,011-$43,598
Criminal Justice/Police Science.$42,011-$43,598
Biologyhas 58 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Biology/Biological Sciences, General.$35,442
Biomedical Sciences, General.$35,442
Psychology has 35 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Psychology, General.$32,074
Computer and information sciencehas 35 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Computer and Information Sciences, General.$61,609
Computer Programming/Programmer, General.$61,029
Parks, recreation, leisure has 32 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Sport and Fitness Administration/Management.$44,084
Sports, Kinesiology, and Physical Education/Fitness, Other.$44,084
Public administrationhas 18 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
International Policy Analysis.-
Social Work.-
Visual and Performing artshas 15 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General.-
Art/Art Studies, General.$38,393
Fine/Studio Arts, General.$38,393
Music Performance, General.-
Social sciencehas 13 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Social Sciences, General.-
Political Science and Government, General.-
Sociology, General.-
Engineering technologieshas 11 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Industrial Technology/Technician.-
Manufacturing Engineering Technology/Technician.-
English has 10 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
English Language and Literature, General.-
Physical scienceshas 9 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Chemistry, General.-
Physics, General.-
Communication has 6 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Speech Communication and Rhetoric.$39,863
Foreign languages has 4 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.-
Mathmatics and statistics has 3 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
Mathematics, General.-
History has 2 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMaster
History, General.-

Students

4,147 students in 2025 · Undergraduate men to women 39:61 · Freshman retention 62.8%

Undergraduate race and ethnicity (3,881)

White
2,493 · 64.2%
Hispanic
380 · 9.8%
Black
231 · 6.0%
Unknown
214 · 5.5%
International
179 · 4.6%
Asian
132 · 3.4%
Two or more races
67 · 1.7%

Age distribution

Bachelor's

Under 18
19.4%
18–19
24.7%
20–21
24.6%
22–24
14.3%
25 and over
17.0%

Graduate students

Under 22
3.4%
22–24
25.6%
25–29
18.4%
30–34
13.9%
35 and over
38.7%

Data insights

Student Demographics at Missouri Southern State University

The 2023 data from Missouri Southern State University reveals a diverse student body, highlighting significant enrollment figures across various categories. The largest group consists of undergraduate freshmen, with 605 students, where females represent 60.8% and males 39.2%. This trend continues among undergraduate seniors, where the total number rises sharply to 2,322, with female students making up 61.7% and male students at 38.3%.

Interestingly, the undergraduate transfer students number 318, maintaining a balanced gender representation with 58.8% females and 41.2% males. Graduate students, although fewer in number at 92, show a similar pattern with 63% being female and only 37% male. This demographic distribution points to a consistent trend of higher female enrollment across various student categories at the university.

Further analysis of the ethnic composition reveals a predominance of white students, particularly among the undergraduate freshmen and seniors. Despite the overall representation of female students being higher, the institution's commitment to diversity can be observed in its enrollment of underrepresented groups, although specific numbers for ethnic minorities and international students were not detailed in the provided data.

This demographic landscape can reflect broader societal trends in higher education, where female enrollment has generally been on the rise. It also raises questions about gender dynamics in various fields of study and potential implications for future job markets. Overall, Missouri Southern State University appears to be fostering a welcoming and diverse academic environment, which is essential for preparing students for a globalized world.

Analysis of Student Age Composition at Missouri Southern State University

The age demographic data from Missouri Southern State University presents an intriguing snapshot of the student population. The largest group comprises students aged 18-21, with a notable balance between male and female undergraduates. This aligns with national trends, where traditional college-age students (18-24) represent the majority in higher education institutions.

A significant number of students under 18 indicates that the university attracts younger individuals, possibly through dual enrollment programs or early college programs. Conversely, the representation of students aged 25 and older, particularly those in their 30s and 40s, is relatively small. This trend may reflect the challenges older students face in balancing education with work and family commitments.

Interestingly, there is a marked absence of graduate male students in the age categories below 22, suggesting that younger males may be more inclined to enter the workforce directly after their undergraduate studies. Female graduate students, however, show a more diverse age range, which could reflect a growing trend of women pursuing advanced degrees later in life.

The data highlights a gender disparity in certain age brackets, notably in the under-18 and 18-19 categories, where females significantly outnumber males. This could suggest that female students are more likely to pursue higher education immediately after secondary school.

Overall, the age composition data at Missouri Southern State University reflects broader societal trends in education, indicating a strong presence of young, traditional students while also accommodating returning adult learners.

International Students

International share over the last 10 years · gray line: median of all 238 public master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Undergraduates4.6%

179 in 2025 · 3.7% in 2016

0% 5% 10% 2016: 3.7%2017: 3.6%2018: 3.2%2019: 3.3%2020: 2.2%2021: 2.0%2022: 2.5%2023: 3.3%2024: 3.6%2025: 4.6%
2016Peer median 1.7%2025
Graduate students1.1%

3 in 2025 · 2.0% in 2016

0% 5% 10% 2016: 2.0%2017: 5.3%2018: 5.2%2019: 3.9%2020: 4.7%2021: 0.8%2022: 0.9%2023: 1.1%2024: 1.9%2025: 1.1%
2016Peer median 3.1%2025

Data insights

Trends in International Student Enrollment at Missouri Southern State University

The data on international student enrollment at Missouri Southern State University reveals significant trends over the years. From 2004 to 2023, the number of undergraduate international students has seen fluctuations, with a notable increase in the percentage of international students relative to the total undergraduate population. For instance, the percentage rose from a mere 2.11% in 2004 to 3.31% in 2023, indicating a growing acceptance and integration of international students within the undergraduate community.

However, the graduate student segment presents a more complex picture. Initially, there were substantial numbers of international graduate students, peaking in 2017 with 114 international students, which constituted approximately 5.26% of the total graduate population. Since then, there has been a decline in both the total number of graduate students and the percentage of international students, with only 1.09% reported in 2023.

These trends may reflect broader national patterns in higher education, where many universities have experienced a decline in international enrollments due to factors such as changing immigration policies, global health crises, and increasing competition from institutions abroad. The decrease in international graduate student numbers could be particularly concerning for Missouri Southern, as graduate programs often rely heavily on diverse perspectives that international students bring.

In light of these developments, it is essential for educational institutions to focus on enhancing their appeal to international students, possibly through improved support services, scholarship opportunities, and marketing strategies that highlight the unique experiences available at Missouri Southern State University. Overall, while there are positive trends in undergraduate enrollment, the decline in graduate student numbers presents a challenge that needs to be addressed to ensure the university continues to benefit from the contributions of international students.

Cost

2025 cost per year (out-of-state)

$27,419

Undergrad tuition (out-of-state)
$18,300
Undergraduate tuition (in-state)
$9,600
Room and board
$9,119
Graduate tuition
$12,330
Out-of-state tuition and room and board over time

Peer median tuition + room and board $31,000 · all 238 public master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Tuition rose 64% from 2016 to 2025; room and board rose 38%.

Finances · fiscal year 2024

Revenue$77.6M

Government grants and contracts
$45.2M58.3%
Tuition and fees
$12.2M15.8%
Auxiliary enterprises
$6.9M8.8%
Gifts and private grants
$4.1M5.2%
Investment return
$1.6M2.1%
Other
$7.6M9.8%

Expenses$69.1M

Instruction
$30.9M44.7%
Auxiliary enterprises
$14.3M20.7%
Student services
$12.3M17.9%
Scholarships
$4.9M7.1%
Academic support
$3.7M5.3%
Institutional support
$3.3M4.8%
Public service
$204K0.3%
Other
-$494K-0.7%

Average faculty salary · 2025 (9-month equivalent)

Dark gray ticks: median pay for the same rank at all 238 public master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

All faculty
$60,472peers $80,690
Professor
$72,654peers $98,841
Associate professor
$58,744peers $84,060
Assistant professor
$57,853peers $74,446
Instructor
$51,303peers $58,934
Lecturer
$74,991peers $60,351

Campus Life

Athletics and varsity athletes NCAA · Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Association

Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Association: football, basketball, baseball, cross country

2025
NCAA Division II with footballMENWOMEN
Track and Field and Cross Country (combined)101112
Football141-
Baseball40-
Basketball1620
Soccer-31
Golf1611
Softball-24
Volleyball-19
2024
NCAA Division II with footballMENWOMEN
Track and Field and Cross Country (combined)94101
Football112-
Baseball42-
Basketball1613
Soccer-28
Golf1313
Softball-23
Volleyball-17
2023
NCAA Division II with footballMENWOMEN
Track and Field and Cross Country (combined)11395
Football127-
Baseball41-
Soccer-35
Basketball1414
Golf148
Softball-21
Volleyball-15

Nearby & Safety

Ranked colleges nearby

Data insights

Here are some notable universities near Missouri Southern State University:

  1. University of Arkansas - Ranked 178 in the 2024 US News rankings, this comprehensive university offers a wide range of programs and is known for its vibrant campus life.

  2. University of Tulsa - With a rank of 195, this comprehensive university is recognized for its strong emphasis on research and its beautiful campus.

  3. University of Kansas - This well-regarded comprehensive university ranks 151 and offers diverse academic programs along with a rich tradition in sports.

  4. Missouri University of Science and Technology - Ranked 185, this institution focuses on engineering and technology, providing cutting-edge research opportunities.

  5. Washington University in St. Louis - This prestigious institution is ranked 24 and is known for its rigorous academics and exceptional faculty.

  6. Saint Louis University - With a rank of 105, this comprehensive university combines a rich history with a commitment to service and community engagement.

These universities offer a range of academic programs and opportunities for students in the region.

Campus safety · incidents per 1,000 students

Peer median 4.7 · all 238 public master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Incidents, 2023–2025

Liquor referrals
54
Drug referrals
40
Dating violence
5
Rape
3
Aggravated assault
2
Motor vehicle theft
2

From the Clery Act campus safety reports schools file, covering on-campus, non-campus and public property.

Data insights

Analysis of Crime Rates at Missouri Southern State University

The crime rates at Missouri Southern State University have exhibited notable fluctuations from 2013 to 2023. Initially, in 2013, the rate was recorded at 4.47 incidents per 1,000 students, which gradually increased to a peak of 7.22 in 2017. This rise could potentially be attributed to a variety of factors, including changes in campus security policies, heightened awareness of safety issues, or an increase in the student population.

However, subsequent years saw a significant decline in the crime rate, particularly in 2019, where it plummeted to 2.63, the lowest in the decade. This decrease could reflect effective crime prevention measures or a shift in student behavior. Nevertheless, the data points from 2020 to 2023 indicate a slight resurgence in crime rates, with incidents rising to 4.87 in 2022 and slightly declining to 3.91 in 2023.

Among the specific types of crimes reported, there have been instances of firearms arrests, drug-related arrests, and alcohol-related arrests. The presence of such offenses highlights the ongoing challenges universities face in ensuring student safety and maintaining a conducive learning environment. The fluctuation in crime rates underscores the importance of continuous evaluation and improvement of safety measures on campus.

Moreover, the data could serve as a crucial tool for policymakers and university administrators to strategize on enhancing campus safety protocols and addressing specific issues that may contribute to crime. This kind of analysis not only helps in understanding past trends but also aids in forecasting future needs for campus safety initiatives.

For more information on calculating crime rates, please refer to this link: Crime Rate Calculation.

Notable Alumni

Notable alumni of Missouri Southern State University include Janet L. Kavandi (NASA astronaut, former Glenn Research Center director), Jeff Speakman (Actor and martial artist, former International Kempo Federation president) and J. Eddie Peck (Television and film actor).

More alumni (5, by field)

Politics and law

  • Ron Richard 1947–2023

    Former Missouri House Speaker and state senator

    Also attended: Missouri State University

  • Larry Gene Taylor 1953–2005

    Missouri legislator and businessman

Sports

  • Bob Beatty 1955–

    Kentucky high school football coach with 15 state titles

    Also attended: Pittsburg State University

  • James Thrash 1975–

    Former NFL wide receiver

  • Richard Jordan 1974–

    Former Detroit Lions linebacker

From Wikidata “educated at” records (including people who attended without graduating), ordered by the number of Wikipedia language editions. Degrees and years follow Wikidata and are left out where it has none.

References and Data Sources

Data from IPEDS (U.S. Department of Education), U.S. News, THE, QS, ARWU and Clery Act campus safety reports. Data insights are written by the Forward Pathway data team from public data.