Marist College
Acceptance rate
56.5%
2025
Peer median 77.9%
Tuition per year
$47,620
$66,080 with room and board
Peer median $34,392
Undergraduates
5,551
Student-faculty ratio 15:1
Peer median 13 : 1
Graduation rate
73.5%
4-year; 6-year rate 81.3%
Peer median 44.6%
“Peers” are all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S. (by Carnegie Classification).
About
Marist College, located in Poughkeepsie, New York, is a private liberal arts college renowned for its commitment to academic excellence and a strong sense of community. The college's mission is encapsulated in its motto, "The Future is Ours," which reflects its dedication to preparing students for meaningful careers while fostering personal growth and social responsibility. Marist offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs, with notable strengths in business, communication, and computer science. The college emphasizes experiential learning, providing students with opportunities for internships, study abroad, and collaborative projects that enhance their educational experience and employability.
The campus environment at Marist is vibrant and engaging, featuring state-of-the-art facilities such as the Hancock Center and the newly constructed Steel Plant Studios, which support innovative learning and artistic expression. Student life is enriched by a variety of clubs, organizations, and athletic teams, promoting a well-rounded experience. Marist is also committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive community, evident in its comprehensive support services and initiatives aimed at promoting cultural awareness. With its picturesque location along the Hudson River, Marist provides students with a beautiful backdrop for their studies and activities, making it a truly inviting place to learn and grow.
Analysis of Tuition and Graduation Rates at Marist College
The financial burden of attending college continues to escalate, and Marist College is no exception. Over the past decade, tuition costs have shown a significant upward trajectory. In 2014, the tuition for both in-state and out-of-state undergraduate students was approximately $31,200, which rose to about $44,560 by 2023. This represents a staggering increase of 42.5% within a span of nine years. Such financial demands may deter prospective students, especially those from lower-income backgrounds, from pursuing higher education.
In tandem with rising tuition, the graduation rates at Marist College have generally remained stable but show slight fluctuations. The on-time graduation rate for undergraduate students was 73.2% in 2013 but dipped to 77.5% by 2023. This improvement reflects positively on the institution's commitment to student success, even amidst increasing financial pressures. A higher graduation rate not only enhances the institution's reputation but also justifies the rising costs by providing students with a more assured path to degree completion.
Additionally, the retention rate—indicative of student satisfaction and engagement—has seen a gradual decline from 89.4% in 2013 to approximately 86.0% in 2023. While still relatively high, this downward trend suggests that students may be facing challenges that affect their decision to continue their studies at Marist College. Addressing these concerns, perhaps through enhanced support services, could be vital for maintaining student enrollment and satisfaction.
In summary, while Marist College's tuition continues to rise, its graduation rates show a promising trend. However, the decline in retention rates presents an area for improvement, as ensuring student satisfaction and support is crucial for the institution's long-term success and reputation.
This collegeRanked colleges nearby
- Setting
- Suburb of a large city
- Nearest major city
- In Poughkeepsie
- Nearest international airport
- Bradley International Airport (BDL), about 70 mi
- Academic calendar
- Semester
- Religious affiliation
- Not applicable
- President
- Kevin Weinman (President)
- Phone
- 8455753000
- City
- Poughkeepsie, New York
- Address
- 3399 North Rd, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
Rankings & Admission
Peer median 77.9% · all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.
Acceptance rate by gender, 2025
In 2020: men 52.0%, women 47.3%.
Data insights
Analysis of Marist College Admission Trends
The admission statistics for Marist College over the years reveal a dynamic landscape in the college's acceptance rates and enrollment figures. Looking at the data, it is evident that the male acceptance rate peaked at approximately 60.3% in 2022 and 2023, while the female acceptance rate also showed a notable increase, reaching around 64.5% in 2023. This suggests a trend toward a more inclusive admission process, which is in line with broader trends in higher education aiming for gender equity.
The enrollment numbers have generally increased, with a peak of 1,358 students in 2020. However, the number of applicants has fluctuated significantly, with denial rates showing a downward trend in recent years—indicating that while more students are being accepted, the applicant pool is also becoming more competitive. The data indicates that in 2009, Marist had a total of 5,748 applicants, which increased to over 13,000 by 2023. This growth in applications reflects the college's growing reputation and possibly its strategic efforts in marketing and outreach.
Moreover, the number of students deferring admission has also risen, which could be a response to external circumstances such as economic factors or the COVID-19 pandemic, leading students to reconsider their immediate educational paths. Overall, the trends at Marist College illustrate a responsive and evolving admission strategy, adapting to both the changing demographics of applicants and the broader educational landscape.
School and Program Rankings
U.S. News school and program rankings · Click a school to see its programs, and a program for its full ranking
Undergraduate Rankings · 2027 edition
Social Sciences and Humanities1 programs—
Ranks in blue are top 10 · ▲▼ change from the previous edition · “—” means no overall ranking for that school · Medical schools are ranked in tiers since the 2025 edition
Test Scores
2025 admitted students, 25th–75th percentile · 10% submitted SAT, 3% submitted ACT · SAT/ACT optional: considered if submitted
Data insights
Trends in Standardized Test Scores at Marist College
The data on standardized test scores from Marist College over the years reveals notable trends and shifts in admissions practices. From 2007 to 2021, the percentage of applicants who submitted SAT scores remained relatively high, averaging around 87-92%. However, a significant drop occurred in 2022 and 2023, with only 21% and 18% of applicants submitting SAT scores, respectively. This sharp decline may reflect a growing trend among colleges and universities to adopt test-optional policies, an approach that gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Examining the score ranges, the 25th percentile scores for reading and math slightly increased over the years, reaching 613 in reading and 610 in math by 2023. The upper quartile scores also showed an upward trend, indicating that the caliber of admitted students is rising. The introduction of test-optional policies may have encouraged a more diverse applicant pool, thereby enhancing the overall academic profile of the incoming class.
Moreover, the data suggests that despite the declining submission rates, the college's commitment to maintaining high academic standards remains intact. As Marist navigates these changes, it highlights a broader conversation in higher education about the relevance and impact of standardized testing in the admissions process. The future will likely see continued evolution in how colleges evaluate applicants, balancing traditional metrics with a more holistic approach.
How Hard Is It to Get In
about 6 in 10
11,274 applicants in 2025, 56.5% admitted
6,371 admitted 4,903 not admitted Yield 19.9%
Degrees & Majors
Graduates in 2025 (first major)
U.S. studentsInternational
Popular graduate programs
- Computer and Information Sciences, General · Master's58 (84% international)
- Physician Assistant · Master's56 (0% international)
- Public Administration · Master's48 (0% international)
- Business Administration and Management, General · Master's47 (0% international)
- Psychology, Other · Master's45 (0% international)
- Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication · Master's34 (0% international)
Data insights
Analysis of Graduation Data from Marist College 2023
The graduation data from Marist College for 2023 reveals intriguing trends in various fields of study. Notably, the Bachelor’s degree in Fashion Merchandising stands out with 97 graduates, indicating a strong interest and demand for this discipline in the fashion industry. This aligns with the growing global focus on fashion sustainability and digital marketing, which may further drive enrollment in the coming years.
In contrast, the Master's programs show a different story. Business Administration leads with 79 graduates, while Public Administration follows with 57. The absence of Bachelor’s degree graduates in these areas suggests that students are opting for advanced degrees, possibly reflecting the competitive job market that favors those with higher qualifications. The presence of international students in the Master’s programs, particularly in Computer and Information Sciences, indicates the college's ability to attract global talent, enhancing its diversity and academic rigor.
Interestingly, many programs, especially in disciplines like Environmental Science and Philosophy, show no graduation figures. This could suggest a lack of student interest or perhaps a need for program revitalization. With the increasing importance of environmental issues globally, the college might consider strategies to boost enrollment in such critical areas.
Overall, Marist College’s graduation data highlights strong performance in specific programs while also indicating areas that may require attention to enhance student engagement and success. As the educational landscape evolves, it will be essential for institutions to adapt and respond to emerging trends and demands.
All majors, graduates and earnings IPEDS · College Scorecard
*Depends on whether majors have graduates in 2025 or not, Yes / No
**Move mouse on can check deitaled graudates number, click for major detailed information
***Due to privacy policy, graduate salaries are not shown for some majors that has few gradautes
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business Administration and Management, General. | $61,412-$110,439 | |||
| Accounting. | $70,192-$84,945 | |||
| Fashion Merchandising. | $56,976 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communication, General. | $45,989 | |||
| Mass Communication/Media Studies. | $45,989 | |||
| Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication. | $67,921 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer and Information Sciences, General. | $59,680-$91,640 | |||
| Information Technology. | $59,680-$91,640 | |||
| Computer Programming/Programmer, General. | - | |||
| Computer Science. | $76,234 | |||
| Computer Software and Media Applications, Other. | - | |||
| Computer and Information Systems Security/Auditing/Information Assurance. | $84,863 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychology, General. | $44,363 | |||
| School Psychology. | $71,488 | |||
| Psychology, Other. | $64,898 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physician Assistant. | $126,512 | |||
| Athletic Training/Trainer. | $126,512 | |||
| Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist. | $108,720 | |||
| Mental Health Counseling/Counselor. | - | |||
| Physical Therapy/Therapist. | $84,143 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fashion/Apparel Design. | $51,543 | |||
| Interior Design. | $51,543 | |||
| Game and Interactive Media Design. | $51,543 | |||
| Fine/Studio Arts, General. | $31,771 | |||
| Art History, Criticism and Conservation. | $31,771 | |||
| Intermedia/Multimedia. | $31,771 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biology/Biological Sciences, General. | $34,697 | |||
| Biomedical Sciences, General. | $34,697 | |||
| Biochemistry. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education/Teaching of Individuals in Elementary Special Education Programs. | $55,118 | |||
| Secondary Education and Teaching. | - | |||
| English/Language Arts Teacher Education. | - | |||
| Mathematics Teacher Education. | - | |||
| History Teacher Education. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public Administration. | $82,352 | |||
| Social Work. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration. | $44,190 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economics, General. | $73,803 | |||
| Political Science and Government, Other. | $45,563 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English Language and Literature, General. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, General. | $51,055 | |||
| International/Globalization Studies. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental/Natural Resources Management and Policy, General. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| History, General. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics, General. | - | |||
| Applied Mathematics, General. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry, General. | - | |||
| Geology/Earth Science, General. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philosophy. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| French Language and Literature. | - | |||
| Spanish Language and Literature. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American/United States Studies/Civilization. | - |
Students
6,356 students in 2025 · Undergraduate men to women 42:58 · Freshman retention 86.1%
- Continuing undergraduates 3,793
- First-year undergraduates 1,267
- Graduate students 805
- Transfers and others 491
Undergraduate race and ethnicity (5,551)
Age distribution
Bachelor's
Graduate students
Data insights
Analysis of Student Demographics at Marist College in 2023
In 2023, Marist College showcases a diverse student body, with notable variances across different classifications of students. The incoming class of undergraduate freshmen comprises a total of 1,334 students, with a gender ratio of approximately 39.7% male and 60.3% female. This trend of higher female enrollment is also evident in the undergraduate upperclassmen, who number 3,597, exhibiting a slightly more balanced gender distribution with 42.0% male and 58.0% female.
The data also highlights the presence of transfer students and graduate students, albeit in smaller numbers. The transfer student population stands at 138, with 44.9% male and 55.1% female, while the graduate student demographic includes 989 individuals, with 43.7% male and 56.3% female. This consistent trend suggests that Marist College is attracting a predominantly female demographic across various levels of education.
Additionally, the racial and ethnic breakdown of the student body reveals the college's commitment to diversity, although specific figures for the different racial categories were not fully disclosed. The statistics point towards a significant representation of white students, alongside other ethnic groups such as Asian, Latino, African, and international students, reflecting broader national trends in higher education.
Overall, the data indicates that Marist College is fostering an inclusive environment that not only prioritizes gender diversity but also seeks to embrace a wide range of cultural backgrounds among its student population. This focus on diversity is increasingly important in today’s educational landscape, as institutions aim to prepare students for a globalized world.
Age Composition of Students at Marist College in 2023
The age demographics of students at Marist College in 2023 reveal distinct patterns in enrollment across different age groups. Notably, the largest cohort of students falls within the 18-19 age range, comprising 933 male undergraduates and 1,418 female undergraduates. This suggests a strong influx of traditional-aged college students, a trend that aligns with national patterns where younger individuals are increasingly pursuing higher education immediately after high school.
As we analyze the data further, the 20-21 age group also shows a significant number of students, with 901 male undergraduates and 1,291 female undergraduates. However, the presence of graduate students begins to emerge more prominently in the 22-24 age group, where the numbers reflect a blend of both undergraduate and graduate students, indicating that many individuals are continuing their education after completing their bachelor's degrees.
Interestingly, as the age increases, the number of students declines sharply. For example, only 141 students aged 25-29 are enrolled, and this number drops even further for older age brackets. This pattern could reflect several factors, including the responsibilities associated with advanced age, such as employment and family commitments, which often lead to a decrease in the number of older students pursuing full-time education.
The overall gender distribution also presents an intriguing picture, with female students consistently outnumbering male students across various age categories, especially in the traditional undergraduate age groups. This trend may reflect broader societal shifts towards women's higher education participation, which has been a significant focus in recent years.
In conclusion, the age composition at Marist College illustrates a predominance of younger students, with a notable trend towards female enrollment, mirroring broader educational trends across the United States.
International Students
International share over the last 10 years · gray line: median of all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.
109 in 2025 · 2.0% in 2016
86 in 2025 · 21.4% in 2016
Data insights
Trends in International Student Enrollment at Marist College
The data on international student enrollment at Marist College reveals intriguing trends over the years. For undergraduate students, the percentage of international students has shown a gradual increase, rising from a mere 0.21% in 2004 to a peak of 2.42% in 2020. This growth indicates a growing interest from international students in studying at Marist College, reflecting broader trends in higher education where institutions are increasingly becoming global hubs for diverse student populations.
However, the undergraduate international enrollment saw fluctuations in subsequent years, with a noticeable drop to 1.81% in 2023. This decline could be attributed to various factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international travel and education, as well as changing immigration policies that may have affected student mobility.
In contrast, the graduate student sector experienced a remarkable surge in international enrollment, particularly in 2016, where the percentage soared to an impressive 21.38%. This suggests that Marist College may have successfully positioned its graduate programs as attractive options for international students, possibly due to specialized offerings or partnerships that appeal to a global audience. Nevertheless, this percentage dropped to 23.26% by 2023, demonstrating a robust yet slightly declining trend.
Overall, while Marist College has witnessed an increase in international students over the years, the fluctuations in both undergraduate and graduate enrollment percentages highlight the dynamic nature of global education. As institutions navigate challenges and opportunities in the international landscape, understanding these trends will be crucial for future recruitment strategies.
Cost
2025 cost per year
$66,080
- Undergraduate tuition
- $47,620
- Room and board
- $18,460
- Graduate tuition
- $17,200
Peer median tuition + room and board $47,329 · all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.
Tuition rose 41% from 2016 to 2025; room and board rose 31%.
Finances · fiscal year 2024
Revenue$293M
Expenses$225M
Average faculty salary · 2025 (9-month equivalent)
Dark gray ticks: median pay for the same rank at all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.
Campus Life
Athletics and varsity athletes NCAA · Pioneer Football League · Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
Pioneer Football League: football
Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference: basketball, baseball, cross country
| NCAA Division I-FCS | MEN | WOMEN |
|---|---|---|
| Track and Field and Cross Country (combined) | 137 | 142 |
| Football | 109 | - |
| Rowing | 52 | 43 |
| Lacrosse | 41 | 37 |
| Soccer | 27 | 31 |
| Swimming and Diving (combined) | 26 | 28 |
| Baseball | 40 | - |
| Basketball | 15 | 15 |
| Water Polo | - | 22 |
| Volleyball | - | 19 |
| Softball | - | 18 |
| Tennis | 8 | 9 |
| NCAA Division I-FCS | MEN | WOMEN |
|---|---|---|
| Track and Field and Cross Country (combined) | 115 | 126 |
| Football | 110 | - |
| Rowing | 39 | 45 |
| Lacrosse | 42 | 35 |
| Soccer | 28 | 30 |
| Swimming and Diving (combined) | 26 | 29 |
| Baseball | 39 | - |
| Basketball | 14 | 16 |
| Tennis | 9 | 11 |
| Volleyball | - | 20 |
| Water Polo | - | 19 |
| Softball | - | 18 |
| NCAA Division I-FCS | MEN | WOMEN |
|---|---|---|
| Track and Field and Cross Country (combined) | 103 | 145 |
| Football | 108 | - |
| Rowing | 35 | 48 |
| Lacrosse | 48 | 28 |
| Soccer | 32 | 36 |
| Swimming and Diving (combined) | 24 | 28 |
| Baseball | 37 | - |
| Basketball | 14 | 15 |
| Volleyball | - | 20 |
| Water Polo | - | 19 |
| Softball | - | 18 |
| Tennis | 10 | 8 |
Nearby & Safety
Ranked colleges nearby
-
Vassar CollegePoughkeepsie · 3.1 mi
Liberal Arts #12
-
Bard CollegeAnnandale-On-Hudson · 20.7 mi
Liberal Arts #72
-
The United States Military Academy at West PointWest Point · 23.0 mi
Liberal Arts #9
-
Sacred Heart UniversityFairfield · 49.8 mi
U.S. News #202
-
Fairfield UniversityFairfield · 52.5 mi
U.S. News #109
-
Quinnipiac UniversityHamden · 57.7 mi
U.S. News #156
-
Yale UniversityNew Haven · 59.4 mi
U.S. News #4
-
Fordham UniversityBronx · 59.6 mi
U.S. News #85
-
Yeshiva UniversityNew York · 60.1 mi
U.S. News #90
Data insights
Here are some notable schools near Marist College:
-
Vassar College - Ranked 16th among liberal arts colleges in the 2024 US News rankings, Vassar College is renowned for its rigorous academic programs and beautiful campus.
-
United States Military Academy - Known as West Point, this prestigious military academy is ranked 8th and offers a unique education that combines leadership training with a strong academic curriculum.
-
Yale University - A member of the Ivy League, Yale is ranked 5th overall and is known for its exceptional academic programs, distinguished faculty, and vibrant campus life.
-
Barnard College - Ranked 11th among liberal arts colleges, Barnard is an all-women's college affiliated with Columbia University, offering a strong liberal arts education in New York City.
-
Wesleyan University - Also ranked 11th among liberal arts colleges, Wesleyan is known for its emphasis on creative thinking and an interdisciplinary approach to education.
-
Columbia University in the City of New York - This Ivy League institution is ranked 12th overall, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs in the heart of Manhattan.
These institutions offer a variety of programs and opportunities for students, making the area around Marist College an excellent educational hub.
Peer median 4.0 · all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.
Incidents, 2023–2025
From the Clery Act campus safety reports schools file, covering on-campus, non-campus and public property.
Data insights
Crime Trends at Marist College
The crime data from Marist College reveals notable fluctuations in reported incidents over the past decade. In 2013, the crime rate per 1,000 students stood at 16.31, which saw a gradual increase over the following years, peaking in 2020 at 21.58. This rise corresponds with a national trend observed during the pandemic, where many institutions faced unique challenges related to campus safety and student well-being.
Interestingly, 2021 recorded a significant drop in the crime rate to 10.42, possibly reflecting adjustments in campus policies or a change in student behavior as the college adapted to pandemic restrictions. However, crime rates rose again in 2022 and 2023, reaching 15.32 and 20.33 respectively. This resurgence could suggest a return to pre-pandemic norms or the emergence of new challenges that need addressing.
Breaking down the specific types of offenses, the data indicates a consistent absence of significant violent crimes such as murder or sexual assault, which is a positive sign for campus safety. However, issues such as drug and alcohol arrests are common, highlighting the need for continued education and preventative measures concerning substance use among students.
Overall, while Marist College has experienced fluctuations in crime rates, the overall context suggests a relatively safe campus environment. Continuous monitoring and proactive strategies will be essential in maintaining and improving student safety. For a detailed understanding of crime rates and their implications, you can refer to the crime rate calculation method here.
Notable Alumni
Notable alumni of Marist College include Eric Adams (Former mayor of New York City), Bill O'Reilly (Conservative commentator and television host) and Rik Smits (Dutch center who spent his NBA career with the Pacers).
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Eric Adams 1960–
Former mayor of New York City
-
Bill O'Reilly 1949–
Conservative commentator and television host
-
Rik Smits 1966–
Dutch center who spent his NBA career with the Pacers
-
William Hung 1982–
Hong Kong-born singer famous from American Idol audition
-
Kathy Liebert 1967–
Professional poker player
-
Jared Jordan 1984–
Former professional basketball player
-
Sebastien Bellin 1978–
Brazilian-Belgian former professional basketball player
-
Miroslav Pecarski 1967–
Serbian former professional basketball player
-
Chavaughn Lewis 1993–
Professional basketball player
More alumni (14, by field)
Politics and law
-
Yogananda Pittman 2000–
UC Berkeley police chief, ex-Capitol Police acting chief
-
Carlina Rivera 1984–
Former New York City Council member
-
Louis Molina 1972–
Former New York City Correction Commissioner
Science and academia
-
Edward J. Cashin 1927–2007
Historian and director of Georgia history center
Arts and media
-
Julee Cerda 1978–
South Korean-born American actress
-
James Ciccone 1963–
Actor in The Deuce
-
Ed Lowe 1946–2011
Newsday columnist
-
Bill C. Davis 1951–2021
Playwright and actor, known for Mass Appeal
-
Jeff Sutphen 1977–
Actor, producer and game show host
-
Sara Humphreys 1969–
Romance novelist
Sports
-
Adam Kemp 1990–
Professional basketball player
-
Pieter Prinsloo 1992–
South African basketball player
-
Nick Eppehimer 1979–
Former professional basketball player
Other fields
-
Thomas John McDonnell 1894–1961
Catholic coadjutor bishop of Wheeling
From Wikidata “educated at” records (including people who attended without graduating), ordered by the number of Wikipedia language editions. Degrees and years follow Wikidata and are left out where it has none.
References and Data Sources
Data from IPEDS (U.S. Department of Education), U.S. News, THE, QS, ARWU and Clery Act campus safety reports. Data insights are written by the Forward Pathway data team from public data.