
The University of Tennessee-Knoxville
U.S. News National 2027
#109
Down 7 from 2026
U.S. News Global 2027
#336
Down 55 from 2026
THE World 2027
#501
Down 100 from 2026
QS World 2027
#701
Down 94 from 2026
ARWU World 2026
#301
Down 100 from 2025
Acceptance rate
41.6%
2025
Peer median 74.1%
Out-of-state tuition
$33,256
In-state $13,812
Peer median $35,489
Undergraduates
30,564
Student-faculty ratio 18:1
Peer median 18 : 1
Graduation rate
53.8%
4-year; 6-year rate 72.6%
Peer median 54.5%
“Peers” are the 30 closest-ranked public national universities, the same comparison used in this page's data notes.
About
The University of Tennessee-Knoxville is a public, four-year flagship research university located in Knoxville, Tennessee. As a non-religiously affiliated institution, it serves as the primary comprehensive public university in the state. In the 2027 U.S. News Best Colleges rankings, the university is ranked number 109 among national universities, and it placed at number 336 in the 2027 U.S. News world rankings. The campus hosts notable nationally recognized academic programs, including its undergraduate supply chain management program, which ranked number 3 in the nation in 2027, and its graduate nuclear engineering program, which achieved a national ranking of number 3 in 2026. The university combines large-scale undergraduate education with established graduate and professional research facilities.
Evaluating the University of Tennessee-Knoxville involves balancing its moderate tuition against its student outcomes. In 2025, out-of-state undergraduate tuition was $33,256, positioning it competitively alongside peer institutions. Institutional investment in academics is steady, with instruction expenses estimated at $12,691 per student in 2024. First-year retention is strong, reflecting high continuity early in college. Completion figures, however, present a mixed picture depending on the time horizon. The 4-year graduation rate stood at 53.8% in 2025, indicating that just over half of entering undergraduates finished their degrees within four years. Completion rises significantly with additional time, as the 6-year graduation rate reached 72.6% in 2025. For families planning their college budget, these completion patterns suggest that completing a degree within the traditional four-year window requires deliberate academic planning, as taking extended semesters can noticeably increase the overall cost of an undergraduate degree.
This collegeRanked colleges nearby
- Setting
- Midsize city
- Nearest major city
- In Knoxville
- Nearest international airport
- Nashville International Airport (BNA), about 150 mi
- Academic calendar
- Semester
- Religious affiliation
- Not applicable
- President
- Dr. Donde Plowman (Chancellor)
- Phone
- 8659741000
- Address
- 800 Andy Holt Tower, Knoxville, TN 37996
Rankings & Admission
Peer median 74.1% · the 30 closest-ranked public national universities
Acceptance rate by gender, 2025
In 2020: men 79.4%, women 78.5%.
Best #102, lowest #115, latest #109 over the last ten years.
Data insights
Admission to the University of Tennessee-Knoxville has grown increasingly selective, even as its position in the rankings has remained steady. In the 2027 U.S. News Best Colleges rankings, the university is ranked 109, close to its rank of 103 a decade earlier. Gaining admission, however, has become substantially more competitive. For the class entering in 2025, the university admitted 41.6% of applicants, an admit rate higher than just 7% of peer schools among similarly ranked public research universities. This marks the institution as far more selective than typical peers in its category. At the same time, the university draws committed applicants who choose to attend once accepted. Its yield rate reached 27.4% in 2025, which is higher than 83% of peer schools in that same group. For prospective students, these figures indicate that Tennessee commands solid interest from admitted candidates, and applicants face an increasingly rigorous admissions process compared to counterpart public institutions nationwide.
School and Program Rankings
U.S. News school and program rankings · Click a school to see its programs, and a program for its full ranking
Undergraduate Rankings · 2027 edition
Business School2 programs#39▼2
Social Sciences and Humanities2 programs—
Graduate Rankings · 2026 edition
Business School8 programs#43▲6
Engineering School12 programs#50▲2
- Nuclear Engineering#3
- Biological / Agricultural#21▼1
- Materials Engineering#35
- Industrial / Manufacturing#39▼2
- Aerospace/Aeronautical/Astronautical Engineering#48▼3
- Civil Engineering#48▲3
- Electrical / Electronic / Communications#57▼1
- Computer Engineering#61▲2
- Environmental / Enviromental Health#62
- Chemical Engineering#67▲18
- Mechanical Engineering#70▼10
- Biomedical Engineering#97▲4
- Full Engineering School ranking ›
Law School12 programs#57▼2
Health Specialty5 programs—
Ranks in blue are top 10 · ▲▼ change from the previous edition · “—” means no overall ranking for that school · Medical schools are ranked in tiers since the 2025 edition
Test Scores
2025 admitted students, 25th–75th percentile · 24% submitted SAT, 81% submitted ACT · SAT/ACT scores required for admission
Data insights
Applicants to the University of Tennessee-Knoxville generally need solid academic profiles that align closely with selective public university standards. For the 2025 entering class, the middle 50% of enrolled students achieved an ACT composite score between 25 and 31, reflecting the testing standard for most undergraduates. Students submitting SAT credentials recorded a median score of 1280, which is higher than 56% of peer public universities. In addition, applicant cases collected by Forward Pathway, which are unofficial data, show an admitted international student profile centered around a median unweighted GPA of 3.62. For families and students planning their applications, these figures indicate that successful admission requires sustained classroom performance and test results that match or exceed these central benchmarks to maintain a competitive profile.
How Hard Is It to Get In
about 4 in 10
59,764 applicants in 2025, 41.6% admitted
24,863 admitted 34,901 not admitted Yield 27.4%
Degrees & Majors
Graduates in 2025 (first major)
U.S. studentsInternational
Popular graduate programs
- Social Work · Master's315 (0% international)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other · Master's221 (0% international)
- Management Science · Master's194 (6% international)
- Law · Doctoral124 (0% international)
- Mass Communication/Media Studies · Master's107 (3% international)
- Library and Information Science · Master's96 (0% international)
Data insights
Undergraduate study at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville is broadly dispersed rather than heavily concentrated, with the top three majors accounting for 18.6% of all bachelor's degrees awarded in 2025. The academic profile is highlighted by programs that achieve national recognition while attracting large enrollments. For instance, Logistics, Materials, and Supply Chain Management is one of the largest undergraduate fields on campus and earned a number 3 national ranking from U.S. News in 2027. Graduate strengths include Nuclear Engineering, which was ranked number 3 nationally in 2026. Degree earners in technical disciplines command strong early compensation. According to 2023 earnings data, bachelor's degree recipients in Computer Engineering reported median earnings of $91,465 one year after graduation. International students make up only 0.7% of bachelor's degree recipients, but represent a much larger presence in doctoral programs. For prospective students, the university offers high-caliber specialized training, particularly in supply chain and engineering disciplines.
All majors, graduates and earnings IPEDS · College Scorecard
*Depends on whether majors have graduates in 2025 or not, Yes / No
**Move mouse on can check deitaled graudates number, click for major detailed information
***Due to privacy policy, graduate salaries are not shown for some majors that has few gradautes
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business Administration and Management, General. | $67,464-$131,101 | |||
| Logistics, Materials, and Supply Chain Management. | $67,464-$131,101 | |||
| Accounting. | $60,695-$80,035 | |||
| Business/Managerial Economics. | $66,150 | |||
| Finance, General. | $62,997 | |||
| Hospitality Administration/Management, General. | $44,110 | |||
| Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, General. | $57,096-$70,050 | |||
| International Business/Trade/Commerce. | - | |||
| Management Science. | $70,779-$95,122 | |||
| Business Statistics. | $70,779-$95,122 | |||
| Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods, Other. | $70,779-$95,122 | |||
| Marketing/Marketing Management, General. | $53,116 | |||
| Construction Management, General. | $68,818 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerospace, Aeronautical, and Astronautical/Space Engineering, General. | $67,524 | |||
| Agricultural Engineering. | - | |||
| Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering. | $52,760 | |||
| Chemical Engineering. | $74,688 | |||
| Civil Engineering, General. | $69,944-$80,386 | |||
| Computer Engineering, General. | $91,465 | |||
| Electrical and Electronics Engineering. | $80,042 | |||
| Engineering Science. | - | |||
| Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering. | - | |||
| Materials Engineering. | $74,060 | |||
| Mechanical Engineering. | $78,307-$102,787 | |||
| Nuclear Engineering. | $90,657 | |||
| Industrial Engineering. | $80,441-$104,233 | |||
| Engineering, Other. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist. | $24,303 | |||
| Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist. | - | |||
| Public Health, General. | $52,867 | |||
| Health/Medical Physics. | $52,867 | |||
| Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse. | $72,791-$205,436 | |||
| Nursing Science. | $72,791-$205,436 | |||
| Nursing Practice. | $72,791-$205,436 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sport and Fitness Administration/Management. | $36,740-$51,632 | |||
| Exercise Science and Kinesiology. | $36,740-$51,632 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speech Communication and Rhetoric. | $43,900-$48,107 | |||
| Mass Communication/Media Studies. | $43,900-$48,107 | |||
| Journalism. | $42,605 | |||
| Public Relations/Image Management. | $49,839 | |||
| Advertising. | $49,839 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education, General. | $75,907 | |||
| Educational Leadership and Administration, General. | $67,151 | |||
| Higher Education/Higher Education Administration. | $67,151 | |||
| Special Education and Teaching, General. | - | |||
| Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services. | $47,435 | |||
| College Student Counseling and Personnel Services. | $47,435 | |||
| Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other. | $49,956 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biology/Biological Sciences, General. | $37,633 | |||
| Biochemistry. | - | |||
| Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology. | - | |||
| Ecology. | - | |||
| Neuroscience. | $31,789 | |||
| Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public Administration. | - | |||
| Public Policy Analysis, General. | $56,591 | |||
| Social Work. | $36,621-$49,622 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Business and Management, General. | $45,194 | |||
| Agricultural Economics. | $45,194 | |||
| Agricultural and Extension Education Services. | $35,907-$55,349 | |||
| Animal Sciences, General. | $32,720 | |||
| Food Science. | $36,674 | |||
| Plant Sciences, General. | $42,875 | |||
| Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management. | $42,875 | |||
| Soil Chemistry and Physics. | $42,016 | |||
| Veterinary Medicine. | $111,376 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropology, General. | $32,861 | |||
| Economics, General. | $58,965 | |||
| Econometrics and Quantitative Economics. | $58,965 | |||
| Geography. | - | |||
| Geographic Information Science and Cartography. | - | |||
| Political Science and Government, General. | $38,467 | |||
| Sociology, General. | $38,610 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research and Experimental Psychology, Other. | $36,137-$91,929 | |||
| School Psychology. | $51,348-$85,211 | |||
| Educational Psychology. | $51,348-$85,211 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Information Science/Studies. | - | |||
| Computer Science. | $80,585-$96,680 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphic Design. | $44,167 | |||
| Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General. | $21,458 | |||
| Film/Cinema/Media Studies. | - | |||
| Fine/Studio Arts, General. | - | |||
| Art History, Criticism and Conservation. | - | |||
| Music, General. | $32,407-$33,994 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systems Science and Theory. | - | |||
| Nutrition Sciences. | $55,553 | |||
| International/Globalization Studies. | - | |||
| Sustainability Studies. | - | |||
| Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other. | $32,859 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interior Architecture. | $56,308 | |||
| Landscape Architecture. | $61,730 | |||
| Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry, General. | $41,113-$76,180 | |||
| Geology/Earth Science, General. | $49,330 | |||
| Physics, General. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Law. | $76,631 | |||
| Legal Professions and Studies, Other. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Economics. | $55,292 | |||
| Human Development and Family Studies, General. | $36,607-$48,628 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English Language and Literature, General. | $29,045-$33,915 | |||
| Creative Writing. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics, General. | $45,896 | |||
| Statistics, General. | $47,583 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Resources/Conservation, General. | - | |||
| Environmental/Natural Resource Economics. | - | |||
| Forestry, General. | $44,077 | |||
| Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management. | $39,155 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Library and Information Science. | $46,484 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| History, General. | $35,618 |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foreign Languages and Literatures, General. | $41,851 | |||
| German Language and Literature. | - | |||
| French Language and Literature. | - | |||
| Spanish Language and Literature. | - | |||
| Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philosophy. | - | |||
| Religion/Religious Studies. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engineering/Industrial Management. | - |
| Major | Graduate Salary | Under | Master | Doctor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaf Studies. | - |
Students
38,728 students in 2025 · Undergraduate men to women 46:54 · Freshman retention 91.9%
- Continuing undergraduates 22,012
- First-year undergraduates 6,794
- Graduate students 8,164
- Transfers and others 1,758
Undergraduate race and ethnicity (30,564)
Age distribution
Bachelor's
Graduate students
Data insights
Total enrollment stood at 38,728 students in 2025, with undergraduates making up the vast majority. The undergraduate population is largely domestic, where Asian students accounted for 4.1% of the entering freshman class. International representation at the undergraduate level remains small, comprising less than one percent of incoming freshmen and continuing undergraduates. In contrast, global enrollment is much more pronounced at the advanced level, where 1,136 international graduate students made up 13.9% of all graduate students. Asian students also comprise a modest presence in graduate degree programs. Overall, the campus demographic is predominantly regional and domestic at the undergraduate level, while graduate programs bring together a noticeably larger contingent of international scholars.
The University of Tennessee-Knoxville has a student body concentrated tightly in traditional age brackets. In 2025, students aged 18 to 19 made up 42.1% of the undergraduate population, and those aged 20 to 21 accounted for 42.9%, leaving only a small share of older undergraduates. The graduate community also leans young, with 32.6% of graduate students between ages 22 and 24, followed by 30.1% aged 25 to 29. For prospective applicants, this profile points to a campus environment structured heavily around young adults progressing straight through their undergraduate years, alongside graduate cohorts who are primarily in their twenties.
International Students
International share over the last 10 years · gray line: median of the 30 closest-ranked public national universities
289 in 2025 · 1.9% in 2016
1,136 in 2025 · 14.0% in 2016
Data insights
International enrollment at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville follows very different trajectories depending on study level. At the undergraduate level, international representation has trended downward, with international students making up just 0.9% of undergraduates in 2025. This share is higher than only 3% of peer institutions in its comparison group, underscoring that international undergraduates remain a small minority on campus. In contrast, international graduate enrollment has expanded over the past decade, reaching 13.9% of all graduate students in 2025. International degree recipients are heavily concentrated in advanced research rather than baccalaureate degrees, ultimately comprising 18.1% of all doctoral graduates in 2025. Among advanced programs, international students gravitate toward technical fields such as computer science at the master's level and industrial engineering at the doctoral level. For prospective international candidates, the university represents an environment where international peers are predominantly found within specialized graduate and research programs.
Cost
2025 cost per year (out-of-state)
$46,612
- Undergrad tuition (out-of-state)
- $33,256
- Undergraduate tuition (in-state)
- $13,812
- Room and board
- $13,356
- Graduate tuition
- $34,760
Peer median tuition + room and board $49,842 · the 30 closest-ranked public national universities
Tuition rose 10% from 2016 to 2025; room and board rose 35%.
Finances · fiscal year 2024
Revenue$2.06B
Expenses$1.80B
Average faculty salary · 2025 (9-month equivalent)
Dark gray ticks: median pay for the same rank at the 30 closest-ranked public national universities
Campus Life
Athletics and varsity athletes NCAA · Southeastern Conference
Southeastern Conference: football, basketball, baseball, cross country
| NCAA Division I-FBS | MEN | WOMEN |
|---|---|---|
| Track and Field and Cross Country (combined) | 140 | 162 |
| Football | 123 | - |
| Rowing | - | 99 |
| Swimming and Diving (combined) | 31 | 32 |
| Baseball | 55 | - |
| Basketball | 15 | 30 |
| Soccer | - | 40 |
| Softball | - | 29 |
| Tennis | 10 | 11 |
| Volleyball | - | 21 |
| Golf | 10 | 8 |
| NCAA Division I-FBS | MEN | WOMEN |
|---|---|---|
| Track and Field and Cross Country (combined) | 133 | 160 |
| Football | 126 | - |
| Rowing | - | 100 |
| Swimming and Diving (combined) | 34 | 38 |
| Baseball | 51 | - |
| Basketball | 16 | 27 |
| Soccer | - | 36 |
| Softball | - | 25 |
| Volleyball | - | 22 |
| Golf | 9 | 9 |
| Tennis | 9 | 8 |
| NCAA Division I-FBS | MEN | WOMEN |
|---|---|---|
| Track and Field and Cross Country (combined) | 117 | 116 |
| Football | 127 | - |
| Rowing | - | 88 |
| Swimming and Diving (combined) | 38 | 45 |
| Basketball | 18 | 34 |
| Baseball | 47 | - |
| Soccer | - | 36 |
| Softball | - | 26 |
| Golf | 11 | 10 |
| Tennis | 11 | 10 |
| Volleyball | - | 19 |
Nearby & Safety
Ranked colleges nearby
-
Tennessee Technological UniversityCookeville · 89.5 mi
U.S. News #299
-
Clemson UniversityClemson · 107.3 mi
U.S. News #80
-
Furman UniversityGreenville · 109.7 mi
Liberal Arts #57
-
Berea CollegeBerea · 113.8 mi
Liberal Arts #62
-
The University of the SouthSewanee · 123.4 mi
Liberal Arts #49
-
Centre CollegeDanville · 126.2 mi
Liberal Arts #54
-
Wofford CollegeSpartanburg · 131.4 mi
Liberal Arts #68
-
University of GeorgiaAthens · 141.4 mi
U.S. News #52
-
University of KentuckyLexington · 147.7 mi
U.S. News #148
Data insights
Applicants exploring colleges in this region have a variety of public and private options within a short driving distance. Located 89.5 kilometers away, Tennessee Technological University is a public national university ranked 299 in the 2027 U.S. News rankings. In neighboring South Carolina, Clemson University is a public national university ranked 80, situated 107.3 kilometers away. Also in South Carolina, Furman University is a private liberal arts college located 109.7 kilometers away, holding the 57th spot among national liberal arts colleges. In nearby Kentucky, Berea College sits 113.8 kilometers away and is ranked 62 among liberal arts colleges.
Peer median 8.6 · the 30 closest-ranked public national universities
Incidents, 2023–2025
From the Clery Act campus safety reports schools file, covering on-campus, non-campus and public property.
Data insights
Campus safety indicators at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville show a noticeable improvement in recent years. Forward Pathway's crime rate per 1,000 students declined over the past decade, dropping to 12.1 in 2025, which represents its lowest level since 2016. An examination of campus incident reports reveals that the vast majority of safety issues are related to substance enforcement rather than violent crimes. Across the three-year period from 2023 to 2025, disciplinary referrals for liquor law violations formed by far the largest single category, totaling 1,734 incidents. Liquor law arrests were the second most frequent occurrence, with 327 incidents recorded across those same years. Drug law violations also accounted for several hundred referrals and arrests over that timeframe, while interpersonal offenses like stalking and domestic violence occurred far less frequently. These figures suggest that university safety personnel primarily contend with campus alcohol regulations.
Notable Alumni
All 151Notable alumni of The University of Tennessee-Knoxville include Oprah Winfrey (Media mogul and talk show host), Kurt Vonnegut (Satirical novelist and author) and Huell Howser (Television host of California's Gold).
-
Oprah Winfrey 1954–
Media mogul and talk show host
-
Kurt Vonnegut 1922–2007
Satirical novelist and author
-
Huell Howser 1945–2013
Television host of California's Gold
-
Cormac McCarthy 1933–2023
Novelist, playwright and screenwriter
-
James M. Buchanan 1919–2013
Economist, Nobel laureate, public choice theorist
-
Dixie Carter 1939–2010
Actress who starred in Designing Women
-
Justin Gatlin 1982–
Sprinter, 2004 Olympic 100m champion
-
Peyton Manning 1976–
Former NFL quarterback for Colts and Broncos
-
Chris Hadfield 1959–
Canadian astronaut and former ISS commander
See all 151 notable alumni of The University of Tennessee-Knoxville →
Recent News at The University of Tennessee-Knoxville
Summarized daily from the school's official news. Click "Source" for the original story.
-
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville's Defense Development and Applied Research Center will receive up to $27 million from the Army Research Laboratory between 2026 and 2030 for advanced manufacturing and super materials research.
Source: utk.edu -
The UT Board of Trustees approved naming University of Tennessee, Knoxville's new student success building the Compton Center for Student Success, recognizing a commitment from John and Cindy Compton; it opens fall 2027.
Source: utk.edu -
The University of Tennessee Board of Trustees approved a new UT Knoxville residence hall with nearly 600 beds, expected to open in fall 2028.
Source: utk.edu -
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville's Haslam College of Business launched the Institute for the Future of Business, convening business leaders, researchers, educators and students on AI and emerging technologies' effects on business and education.
Source: utk.edu -
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville reported record fall 2026 enrollment of 41,287, a first-year class of 7,205, 93.1% first-year retention and a 71.4% four-year graduation rate.
Source: utk.edu
No updates on this topic in this month.
References and Data Sources
- The University of Tennessee-Knoxville Official Website
- USNews Best Colleges Ranking
- USNews Bset Global Universities Ranking
- THE World University Ranking
- QS World University Ranking
- ARWU World University Ranking
- US Department of Education College Scorecard
- National Center for Education Statistics
- Forward Pathway US College Ranking Database
Data from IPEDS (U.S. Department of Education), U.S. News, THE, QS, ARWU and Clery Act campus safety reports. Data insights are written by the Forward Pathway data team from public data.