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Private nonprofit, 4-year

Southern Adventist University

Collegedale, Tennessee · www.southern.edu

中文

Acceptance rate

65.5%

2025

Peer median 77.9%

Tuition per year

$27,300

$36,200 with room and board

Peer median $34,392

Undergraduates

2,929

Student-faculty ratio 19:1

Peer median 13 : 1

Graduation rate

36.1%

4-year; 6-year rate 61.5%

Peer median 44.6%

“Peers” are all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S. (by Carnegie Classification).

About

Southern Adventist University (SAU) is a private Christian university located in Collegedale, Tennessee. Established in 1892, the university is affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church and offers a unique blend of academic rigor and spiritual development. The campus is set against the backdrop of the scenic Appalachian Mountains, which not only provides a beautiful environment for study but also a plethora of outdoor activities for students. With a commitment to holistic education, SAU emphasizes the integration of faith and learning, encouraging students to develop their intellectual, physical, and spiritual capacities.

The university boasts a diverse range of programs across various disciplines, including business, education, health sciences, and the arts, allowing students to pursue their passions while receiving a well-rounded education. The faculty at SAU are highly qualified and dedicated, many of whom are involved in research and community service, fostering a culture of excellence and mentorship. In addition to academics, Southern Adventist University offers a vibrant campus life with numerous student organizations, athletic teams, and cultural events, ensuring that students have a well-rounded experience. The university's mission statement, "To make disciples of Jesus Christ through education," reflects its commitment to nurturing a community of faith and service, preparing graduates to make meaningful contributions to society.

Analysis of Key Data Trends at Southern Adventist University

Southern Adventist University has shown significant trends in various metrics over the years, particularly in tuition, graduation rates, and student retention. The tuition fees for both in-state and out-of-state undergraduate students have steadily increased, rising from $19,790 in 2014 to $25,590 in 2024, marking an increase of approximately 29.5%. This trend reflects a broader national issue of rising college costs, which has led to increased concerns about student debt and affordability of higher education.

Graduation rates have exhibited a promising upward trajectory, especially in the 100% graduation rate, which jumped from 14.6% in 2013 to 32.6% in 2023. This improvement indicates that the university is likely enhancing its support systems and academic resources, making it more conducive for students to complete their degrees on time. The 150% graduation rate also reflects this positive trend, climbing to 62.1% in 2023, suggesting that more students are achieving their degrees, albeit within an extended timeframe.

Furthermore, student retention rates have also seen a notable increase, rising from 75.5% in 2013 to 84.9% in 2023. This upward trend is crucial as it implies that students are not only enrolling but are also choosing to continue their education at Southern Adventist University. Higher retention rates are often indicative of student satisfaction and effective engagement strategies implemented by the institution.

In the context of gender distribution, the university has maintained a relatively stable male-to-female ratio among undergraduates, with females consistently representing a majority. This balance might be appealing to prospective students seeking a diverse educational environment.

Overall, the data indicates that Southern Adventist University is making strides in various aspects of student success while also grappling with the challenges posed by rising tuition costs. The positive trends in graduation and retention rates suggest effective institutional strategies that could serve as a model for other universities facing similar challenges.

This collegeRanked colleges nearby

Setting
Suburb of a large city
Nearest major city
Chattanooga, about 10 mi
Nearest international airport
Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL), about 100 mi
Collegedale, Tennessee
Academic calendar
Semester
Religious affiliation
Seventh Day Adventist
President
Ken Shaw (President)
Phone
4232362000
City
Collegedale, Tennessee
Address
4881 Taylor Cir, Collegedale, TN 37315-0370

Rankings & Admission

Acceptance rate (%)

Peer median 77.9% · all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Acceptance rate by gender, 2025

Men
69.0%
Women
70.8%

In 2021: men 72.9%, women 74.7%.

Data insights

Trends in Admissions and Rankings at Southern Adventist University

Southern Adventist University has demonstrated notable fluctuations in both its admission rates and overall rankings over the years. From 2009 to 2023, the male admission rate has varied significantly, peaking at approximately 77.63% in 2011 before dropping to around 40.02% in 2014, indicating a period of increased selectivity. Conversely, female admission rates remained relatively stable, with a slight increase observed in 2011.
The number of enrolled students has generally increased, reaching a peak of 652 in 2012, followed by a decrease in subsequent years. The denial numbers also reflect this trend, with a significant rise in denied applications, particularly in 2013 and 2014, which saw denial figures surpassing 1,200. This suggests a possible shift in admissions strategy or a response to a larger applicant pool during those years.
Interestingly, the deferment rates show a noteworthy pattern, with many students opting for delayed enrollment. This could be indicative of changing student priorities or external factors, such as economic conditions or shifts in educational demand.
Overall, the data reveals that while Southern Adventist University has faced challenges related to selectivity and enrollment, its ability to adapt to these challenges speaks to its resilience in the competitive landscape of higher education. As the university continues to navigate these trends, it will be essential for administrators to analyze the underlying causes and adjust strategies accordingly to maintain a balanced and diverse student body.

School and Program Rankings

U.S. News school and program rankings · Click a school to see its programs, and a program for its full ranking

Undergraduate Rankings · 2027 edition

Computer Science#541▼71 Nursing School#557▲67

Ranks in blue are top 10 · ▲▼ change from the previous edition · “—” means no overall ranking for that school · Medical schools are ranked in tiers since the 2025 edition

Test Scores

2025 admitted students, 25th–75th percentile · 46% submitted SAT, 60% submitted ACT · SAT/ACT optional: considered if submitted

SAT total1020–1300Peer median 1158
ACT composite19–25
SAT Reading
530–660
600700800
SAT Math
490–640
600700800
ACT composite
19–25
253036

Data insights

Trends in Standardized Test Scores at Southern Adventist University

The data reflecting the SAT and ACT scores from Southern Adventist University over the years presents an interesting perspective on the academic performance of admitted students. Notably, there is an observable upward trend in SAT reading and mathematics scores from 2007 to 2023, with the 25th percentile starting score increasing from 460 to 510 and the 75th percentile end score rising from 580 to 650. This suggests that the institution is attracting a more academically prepared cohort as time progresses.

The percentage of applicants submitting SAT scores has remained relatively stable, fluctuating around the mid-40s to low 50s percentage range, which indicates a consistent interest in standardized testing among prospective students. However, the number of applicants submitting scores appears to have a slight decline in recent years, which could merit further investigation into potential shifts in testing requirements or student preferences.

It is also worth noting that the ACT scores show a similar trend, with the 25th percentile scores demonstrating gradual improvement over the years. This consistent rise in standardized test scores may reflect not only the growing applicant pool's academic readiness but also the university's efforts to maintain high academic standards.

Overall, Southern Adventist University appears to be adapting well to the changing educational landscape, emphasizing the importance of standardized testing while also fostering an environment that encourages academic excellence among its students. Such trends may contribute positively to the university's reputation and its ability to attract quality students in the future.

How Hard Is It to Get In

about 7 in 10

2,907 applicants in 2025, 65.5% admitted

1,904 admitted 1,003 not admitted Yield 36.9%

Degrees & Majors

Graduates in 2025 (first major)

Associate1157 international (6.1%)
Bachelor's44131 international (7.0%)
Master's951 international (1.1%)
Doctoral91 international (11.1%)
Top 10 Bachelor's majors by graduates
Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse
89
Biomedical Sciences, General
27
Business Administration and Management, General
26
Exercise Science and Kinesiology
23
Psychology, General
22
Elementary Education and Teaching
17
Biology/Biological Sciences, General
16
Accounting
14
Computer Science
11
Clinical Psychology
10

U.S. studentsInternational

Popular graduate programs

  • Social Work · Master's29 (0% international)
  • Clinical Psychology · Master's12 (0% international)
  • Family Practice Nurse/Nursing · Master's11 (9% international)
  • Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision · Master's8 (0% international)
  • Teacher Education, Multiple Levels · Master's8 (0% international)
  • School Psychology · Master's6 (0% international)

Data insights

Analysis of Graduation Data at Southern Adventist University

The graduation data from Southern Adventist University for 2023 reveals intriguing insights, particularly regarding the distribution of degrees awarded across various fields. Notably, the absence of bachelor's degrees across multiple disciplines suggests a potential gap in undergraduate enrollment or program offerings, as no students graduated with bachelor's degrees in the fields listed. This raises questions about the university's focus on advanced degrees, especially in areas such as Clinical Psychology and Nursing Administration, where master's programs seem to attract a modest number of graduates.

Moreover, the data indicates a significant emphasis on master's degrees in fields like Public Administration and Psychology, with 21 and 13 graduates, respectively. This trend may reflect a growing demand for advanced qualifications in these areas, possibly influenced by broader workforce trends that prioritize higher education for better career opportunities. Interestingly, the field of Nursing Administration also reports four doctoral graduates, hinting at a commitment to developing leaders in the healthcare sector, which is crucial in the wake of ongoing challenges in healthcare systems globally.

The presence of international students pursuing master's degrees, particularly in areas such as Public Administration, underscores the university's appeal to a diverse student body. This aligns with the increasing globalization of education, where institutions strive to attract international talent to enhance academic diversity and foster cross-cultural competencies among graduates.

In conclusion, Southern Adventist University's graduation data reflects a strategic focus on graduate education, particularly in health and public service fields, while also highlighting potential areas for growth in undergraduate programs. As the demand for skilled professionals continues to rise, the university's ability to adapt its offerings may play a critical role in its future success and relevance in the higher education landscape.

All majors, graduates and earnings IPEDS · College Scorecard

*Depends on whether majors have graduates in 2025 or not, Yes / No
**Move mouse on can check deitaled graudates number, click for major detailed information
***Due to privacy policy, graduate salaries are not shown for some majors that has few gradautes

Health professionshas 211 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist.-
Dental Hygiene/Hygienist.-
Health/Health Care Administration/Management.-
Physical Therapy Assistant.-
Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist.-
Physical Therapy/Therapist.-
Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse.$68,245-$107,938
Nursing Administration.$68,245-$107,938
Family Practice Nurse/Nursing.$68,245-$107,938
Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing.$68,245-$107,938
Critical Care Nursing.$68,245-$107,938
Businesshas 68 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Business Administration and Management, General.$34,740
Accounting.-
Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies.-
Finance, General.-
Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, General.-
Management Information Systems, General.-
Management Science.-
Marketing/Marketing Management, General.-
Biologyhas 56 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Biology/Biological Sciences, General.-
Biomedical Sciences, General.-
Biochemistry.-
Biophysics.-
Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other.-
Psychology has 55 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Psychology, General.-
Behavioral Neuroscience.-
Clinical Psychology.-
Industrial and Organizational Psychology.-
School Psychology.-
Educationhas 39 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Educational, Instructional, and Curriculum Supervision.-
Elementary Education and Teaching.-
Teacher Education, Multiple Levels.-
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods, Other.-
Music Teacher Education.-
History Teacher Education.-
Education, Other.-
Public administrationhas 34 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Social Work.$49,408
Visual and Performing artshas 32 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Digital Arts.-
Commercial and Advertising Art.-
Graphic Design.-
Cinematography and Film/Video Production.-
Photography.-
Art/Art Studies, General.-
Music, General.-
Music Performance, General.-
Music Theory and Composition.-
Parks, recreation, leisure has 24 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Sport and Fitness Administration/Management.-
Exercise Science and Kinesiology.-
Communication has 22 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Speech Communication and Rhetoric.-
Journalism.-
Broadcast Journalism.-
Journalism, Other.-
Public Relations/Image Management.-
Advertising.-
Communication Management and Strategic Communications.-
Computer and information sciencehas 20 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Information Technology.-
Computer Science.-
Computer and Information Systems Security/Auditing/Information Assurance.-
Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster.-
Theology has 19 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Bible/Biblical Studies.-
Theology/Theological Studies.-
Theological and Ministerial Studies, Other.-
Pastoral Studies/Counseling.-
Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries, Other.-
Liberal arts has 10 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies.-
Philosophy has 9 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Religion/Religious Studies.-
English has 9 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
English Language and Literature, General.-
American Literature (United States).-
History has 8 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
History, General.-
Physical scienceshas 7 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Chemistry, General.-
Physics, General.-
Human science has 7 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, General.-
Family Systems.-
Construction trades has 6 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Building/Property Maintenance.-
Construction Trades, Other.-
Mathmatics and statistics has 5 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Mathematics, General.-
Engineeringhas 4 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Electrical and Electronics Engineering.-
Engineering Mechanics.-
Multi/inerdisciplinary studies has 4 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
International/Globalization Studies.-
Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other.-
Foreign languages has 4 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Foreign Languages and Literatures, General.-
Italian Language and Literature.-
Spanish Language and Literature.-
Social sciencehas 3 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Political Science and Government, General.-
Culinary has 3 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Culinary Arts/Chef Training.-
Mechanic and repair has 1 graduates in 2025
MajorGraduate SalaryAssociateUnderMasterDoctor
Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies/Technicians, Other.-

Students

3,229 students in 2025 · Undergraduate men to women 46:54 · Freshman retention 82.8%

Undergraduate race and ethnicity (2,929)

White
1,093 · 37.3%
Hispanic
754 · 25.7%
Asian
400 · 13.7%
International
215 · 7.3%
Two or more races
192 · 6.6%
Black
176 · 6.0%
Unknown
96 · 3.3%

Age distribution

Bachelor's

Under 18
3.5%
18–19
38.9%
20–21
37.1%
22–24
14.5%
25 and over
6.0%

Graduate students

Under 22
0.7%
22–24
12.0%
25–29
21.7%
30–34
15.0%
35 and over
50.7%

Data insights

Demographic Insights of Southern Adventist University Students in 2023

In 2023, Southern Adventist University showcases a diverse student body across various classifications, including undergraduate newcomers, continuing undergraduate students, transfer undergraduates, and graduate students. The total enrollment reflects a healthy mix of genders, with male students representing about 47.6% of the newcomer undergraduates and gradually decreasing to 28.3% among graduate students. This trend indicates a significant female presence, particularly in graduate programs, where women comprise 71.7% of the student population.

The breakdown of the racial and ethnic composition is also noteworthy. The majority of undergraduate newcomers are White, followed by a mix of other ethnicities. This demographic structure is essential for creating an inclusive environment that reflects broader societal changes. While the university has made strides in fostering diversity, it is crucial for institutions like Southern Adventist University to continuously engage in efforts that promote inclusion and support for underrepresented groups.

The gender disparity observed in specific categories, particularly in graduate programs, raises questions about access and representation in higher education. It is imperative for universities to understand the factors influencing these trends, such as academic support, mentorship opportunities, and societal expectations. As educational institutions strive for diversity, they must also address the unique challenges faced by different demographics to ensure that all students have equal opportunities for success.

In conclusion, the data from 2023 highlights both achievements and areas for improvement in the demographic landscape of Southern Adventist University, emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts towards inclusivity and equity in education.

Analysis of Student Age Distribution at Southern Adventist University

The age distribution of students at Southern Adventist University reflects a predominantly young demographic, with the majority of students falling within the traditional college age range of 18 to 24 years. Notably, students aged 18-19 constitute approximately 39% of the total student population, while those aged 20-21 make up about 38%. This trend aligns with national statistics indicating that a significant portion of university students are typically within this age bracket, emphasizing the university's role in catering to younger learners.

Interestingly, the proportion of graduate students remains relatively low compared to undergraduates, with only a small number of graduate males and females represented across various age categories. The age group of 22-24 years shows an increase in graduate female students, signaling a potential trend towards older students pursuing graduate education, which is consistent with broader educational trends where individuals are returning to academia later in life to enhance their qualifications.

Moreover, the presence of students aged 30 and above, although limited, indicates a growing acceptance and encouragement for non-traditional students to pursue higher education. This trend reflects a broader societal shift towards lifelong learning in response to evolving job markets and the need for continuous skill development. Overall, the data suggests a vibrant and diverse academic community at Southern Adventist University, with a promising balance between traditional and non-traditional students, ultimately enriching the learning environment.

International Students

International share over the last 10 years · gray line: median of all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Undergraduates7.3%

215 in 2025 · 4.5% in 2016

0% 5% 10% 2016: 4.5%2017: 3.8%2018: 4.2%2019: 5.8%2020: 6.2%2021: 5.9%2022: 5.7%2023: 6.5%2024: 6.5%2025: 7.3%
2016Peer median 2.6%2025
Graduate students5.3%

16 in 2025 · 4.0% in 2016

0% 5% 10% 2016: 4.0%2017: 2.9%2018: 3.7%2019: 2.9%2020: 3.9%2021: 3.8%2022: 5.0%2023: 4.5%2024: 4.6%2025: 5.3%
2016Peer median 2.2%2025

Data insights

Trends in International Student Enrollment at Southern Adventist University

The data regarding international student enrollment at Southern Adventist University over the years reveals several noteworthy trends. From 2004 to 2023, the proportion of international undergraduate students has generally fluctuated, peaking at 6.46% in 2023, indicating a growing presence of international students in the undergraduate population. This increase is particularly significant given the challenges posed by the global pandemic and shifting immigration policies that have impacted international student mobility in recent years.

In contrast, the percentage of international graduate students has shown a decline overall, reaching a low of 2.89% in 2017 and recovering slightly to 4.52% in 2023. This decline may reflect broader trends in graduate education where domestic students might prioritize enrollment or where international students face barriers in accessing graduate programs due to financial or visa-related issues.

It's also important to consider that these statistics occur within a context of increasing competition among universities globally to attract international students. The rising numbers in undergraduate enrollment might suggest that Southern Adventist University is effectively marketing itself to international markets, possibly by expanding its academic offerings or enhancing support services for foreign students.

Overall, while the university has seen growth in its international undergraduate population, the challenges faced in graduate enrollment highlight the need for targeted strategies to enhance the appeal of graduate programs to international students. As institutions worldwide adapt to the changing landscape of higher education, Southern Adventist University must continue to innovate and respond to the diverse needs of its student body to maintain and grow its international presence.

Cost

2025 cost per year

$36,200

Undergraduate tuition
$27,300
Room and board
$8,900
Graduate tuition
$13,760
Tuition and room and board over time

Peer median tuition + room and board $47,329 · all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Tuition rose 32% from 2016 to 2025; room and board rose 49%.

Finances · fiscal year 2024

Revenue$106M

Tuition and fees
$45.4M42.8%
Gifts and private grants
$21.7M20.5%
Auxiliary enterprises
$19.0M17.9%
Investment return
$9.6M9.1%
Sales and services of educational activities
$1.9M1.8%
Government grants and contracts
$1.3M1.2%
Other
$7.2M6.8%

Expenses$87.9M

Instruction
$32.6M37.0%
Institutional support
$15.6M17.7%
Auxiliary enterprises
$14.7M16.7%
Student services
$11.8M13.5%
Academic support
$6.4M7.3%
Public service
$413K0.5%
Research
$169K0.2%
Other
$6.2M7.1%

Average faculty salary · 2025 (9-month equivalent)

Dark gray ticks: median pay for the same rank at all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

All faculty
$61,128peers $68,006
Professor
$67,194peers $78,041
Associate professor
$62,510peers $70,202
Assistant professor
$50,051peers $63,827
Instructor
$45,660peers $55,171

Campus Life

Athletics and varsity athletes NCAA · EADA

No athlete data available for 2025.

No athlete data available for 2024.

No athlete data available for 2023.

Nearby & Safety

Ranked colleges nearby

Data insights

Here are some notable schools located near Southern Adventist University:

  1. The University of the South (西沃恩南方大学) - Ranked 51 in the 2024 US News, this liberal arts college is known for its strong academic programs and beautiful campus.

  2. The University of Tennessee-Knoxville (田纳西大学) - With a rank of 105, this comprehensive university offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs and is recognized for its research contributions.

  3. Emory University (埃默里大学) - Ranked 24, Emory is a prestigious institution known for its rigorous academic environment and strong emphasis on research.

  4. Vanderbilt University (范德堡大学) - This top-ranked university (ranked 18) is renowned for its strong academic programs and vibrant campus life.

  5. Clemson University (克莱姆森大学) - With a ranking of 86, Clemson is known for its engineering and agriculture programs, offering a rich campus experience.

These institutions provide a diverse array of educational opportunities and contribute significantly to the academic landscape of the region.

Campus safety · incidents per 1,000 students

Peer median 4.0 · all 406 private master's colleges and universities in the U.S.

Incidents, 2023–2025

Stalking
14
Liquor referrals
12
Rape
2
Fondling
2
Residence hall fires
2
Burglary
1

From the Clery Act campus safety reports schools file, covering on-campus, non-campus and public property.

Data insights

Analysis of Crime Rates at Southern Adventist University

The crime data from Southern Adventist University reveals notable trends over the past decade. Starting in 2013, the crime rate per 1,000 students was relatively low at 1.63, but there was a concerning increase in subsequent years. By 2016, the rate surged to 8.06, with a peak of 10.75 in 2017. This spike may reflect various factors, including changes in campus security practices, heightened awareness of crime reporting, or even broader societal issues influencing student behavior.

However, from 2018 onwards, there appears to be a downward trend, with the crime rate decreasing to 3.24 in 2023. This decline is encouraging, suggesting that the university may be successfully implementing measures to enhance campus safety and reduce incidents. Notably, the most frequently recorded crime in this period was related to gun possession arrests, which raises ongoing concerns about campus safety and the need for effective policies addressing firearm-related issues.

While the overall crime rate remains low compared to national averages for universities, the fluctuations indicate the importance of continuous monitoring and proactive measures to ensure student safety. The university community must engage in discussions about crime prevention and foster an environment where students feel secure and supported. For a comprehensive understanding of crime rates, further examination of data and its implications for campus life is essential.

For more details on calculating crime rates, visit: https://www.forwardpathway.com/33447.

Notable Alumni

Notable alumni of Southern Adventist University include Cherie Priest (Novelist and blogger based in Seattle), Ronald Numbers (American historian of science) and George A. Williams (18th lieutenant governor of Nebraska).

References and Data Sources

Data from IPEDS (U.S. Department of Education), U.S. News, THE, QS, ARWU and Clery Act campus safety reports. Data insights are written by the Forward Pathway data team from public data.